Letter to Friedrich Engels, October 20, 1857


102

MARX TO ENGELS

IN ST. HÉLIER IN JERSEY

[London,] 20 October 1857

DEAR Frederick,

You must excuse my long silence. In the first place, we've had a visitor for the past week, to wit Imandt junior (aged 13), who has arrived here from Trier en route to his uncle,[1] and I have had to show the lad round. In the second, much work.

Now d'abord[2] your plan to return to Manchester. You must know whether or not your presence is necessary. It certainly won't do your health any good, for the weather over here is ABOMINABLE. Allen thinks that you owe it to yourself to spend far more time recuperating in a better climate than the Manchester ONE, since any relapse might be fatal. But it must be supposed that you consult your doctor[3] before coming to a decision.

The American crisis—its outbreak in New York was forecast by us in the November 1850 Revue[4] —is BEAUTIFUL and has had IMMEDIATE repercussions on French industry, since silk goods are now being sold in New York more cheaply than they are produced in Lyons. The lamentations of the English MONEY ARTICLE WRITERS, who complain that, while their English TRADE is SOUND, their customers abroad are UNHEALTHY, are as original as they are diverting. How are the Manchester manufacturers getting on? Those in Glasgow have, it now transpires, sent off a great deal on consignment.

What do you think of the English in India? As usual the chaps are lucky even in adversity. I now have a pretty detailed list of their troop shipments since 18 June, along with the dates on which, by the government's reckoning, they ought to arrive and the locus[5] of arrival. The following is a resume:

DAY OF ARRIVAL TOTAL Calcutta Ceylon Bombay Karachi Madras

SEPTEMBER[6] 20 214 214

OCTOBER 2 300 300 15 17

1,906

288

124 288.

1,782

20 4,235 3,845 390 30 2,028 479 1,549

OCTOBER 8,757 5,036 3,721

NOVEMBER 1 5

3,495

879

1,234

879

1,629 632

10 12

2,700 1,633

904 1,633

340 400 1,056

15 19

2,610 234

2,132 478

234 20 24 25

1,216

406 1,276

278 406

938

1,276 30 666 462 204 NOVEMBER 15,115 6,782 3,593 1,542 1,922 1,276

DECEMBER 1 354 354 5 459 201 258 10 14

1,758 1,057

607

1,057

1,151

15 948 647 301 20 25

693 624

185 300 208 624

DECEMBER 5,893 185 607 2,559 2,284 258

JANUARY[7] 1 5 15 20

340 220 140 220

340

220 140 220

JANUARY 920 340 580

30,899 12,217 7,921 4,431 4,206 2,114

DAY OF ARRIVAL TOTAL Calcutta Ceylon Bombay Karachi Madras

OCTOBER

TROOPS DESPATCHED BY OVERLAND MAIL 2 235 ENGIN- 117

EERS 12 221 Artill-

erymen

14 244 ENGIN. 122 EERS

OCTOBER 700 460

118

122

240

The 30,899 men are composed of:

INFANTRY: 24,739

ARTILLERY: 2,334

CAVALRV: 3,826

Of the ARTILLERY, only 100 men arrive at Calcutta in October. The actual ARRIVALS commence on 15 November. The first cavalry arrives on 10 November.[8]

Now that I'm onto figures, here are a few more particulars about Bonaparte's economy. T h e FUNDED DEBT authentic. T h e FLOATED for 1856 and 1857 based on an AVERAGE estimate; for the other years, the Moniteur. (The French maintain that this FLOATED DEBT is 2,000 mill., which is what it seems to work out at.)

FUNDED DEBT

Year 1831 1832 1841 1844 1847

Louis Philippe (18 years)

Total AVERAGE for 18 years:

Mill, frs

.... 162>/2.... 150

.... 187V2.... 325

.... 87V2

912V2

50

Bonaparte (6 years 1852-57)

Year Mill, frs

DECREE OF APRIL 1852 100

MARCH 1853 250

DECEMBER 1854 500

J U L Y 1 8 5 5 750 August 1855 (Filiated from EXCESS

of the SUBSCRIPTION) 3l'A,

1857(BANKOFFRANCECOIN) 100

Total 1,731,250,000

AVERACVE for 6 years:

300

FLOATING DEBT Increases under Bonaparte

Mill, frs Mill, frs

Louis Philippe ABOUT 1,000 1852 50 Republic end of 1851 no more 70° 53 262'/4 than 54 205[9] /4 55 152'A,

Total 1,005 and FRACTION

Increases since the time of the Republic 700

1,705 mill.

In addition, all MUNICIPAL and DEPARTMENTAL treasuries also u p to their eyes in debt, par ordre de Muphti.[10]

If one reflects that, at the fellow's accession, the FUNDED DEBT was ABOUT 4,000 mill, frs—i.e. from the time of the First Republic's Tiers consolide[11] onwards—and that in 6 years he increased the FUNDED and FLOATING DEBT by ABOUT 2,700 millions, there can be no contesting that his stay in London was a fruitful one. Moreover, in his estimate of the dette flottante such curious tricks are played with the SINKING FUND, etc., that the AUDITING is exceedingly equivocal. But the fellow is not without a certain gambler's humour. By his reckoning there was n o deficit whatever and n o FLOATING DEBT in 1852—the 1st year of the imperial millennium. For he placed 50 million frs to the ACCOUNT of 1851 (in accordance with the absurd French practice, the 1851 budget was FIXED in August 1850, but not CLOSED until 1854), and debited 1853 with the balance. Unlike Louis Philippe, he ushered in his régime with a No DEFICIT, but in 1853, the very next year, unblushingly presented the biggest FLOATING DEBT France h a d known since 1800. When in 1849 the Finance Minister, Passy, proposed that he limit and fund the FLOATING DEBT, he dismissed him forthwith and appointed Achille Fould. Come to that, his financial system is the same as Louis Philippe's save that it is sans gêne,[12] is taken to extremes, and SLEIGHTS OF HAND are the rule.

I shall send you what you require for the Cyclopaedia as soon as I have a moment to spare.

K. M.

Thank you for sending the articles[13] . The one name you failed to decipher was Lord Burleigh. Best regards to Schramm.

  1. probably Peter Imandt
  2. first
  3. Martin Heckscher
  4. K. Marx and F. Engels, 'Review. May to October [1850]'.
  5. place
  6. SEPT
  7. JAN.
  8. This table, slightly abridged, was appended to Marx's article 'The Revolt in India' published in the New-York Daily Tribune, 14 November 1857.
  9. a
  10. by order of the Mufti (i.e. of Napoleon III)
  11. Tiers consolidé— the French national debt after its reduction by two-thirds in 1797.
  12. brazen
  13. A reference to the articles 'Armada' and 'Ayacucho' by Marx and Engels (see this volume, p. 173).